Agriculture MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Agriculture - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key PointsFarmyard manure

• Farmyard manure refers to the decomposed mixture of dung and urine of farm animals along with litter and left over material from roughages or fodder fed to the cattle.
• On an average well-decomposed farmyard manure contains 0.5% N, 0.2% P2O5 and 0.5% K2O. Hence, Option 3 is the correct answer. 
• The present method of preparing farmyard manure by the farmers is defective. Urine, which is wasted, contains one per cent nitrogen and 1.35 per cent potassium.
• Nitrogen present in urine is mostly in the form of urea which is subjected to volatilization losses.
• Even during storage, nutrients are lost due to leaching and volatilization.
• However, it is practically impossible to avoid losses altogether, but can be reduced by following improved method of preparation of farmyard manure.
• Trenches of size 6 m to 7.5 m length, 1.5 m to 2.0 m width and 1.0 m deep are dug.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key PointsField capacity:

• It is the amount of soil moisture or water content held in the soil after excess water has drained away and the rate of downward movement has decreased.
• This usually takes place 2–3 days after rain or irrigation in pervious soils of uniform structure and texture.
• The physical definition of field capacity is the bulk water content retained in soil at −33 kPa of hydraulic head or suction pressure.
• The term originated from Israelsen and West and Frank Veihmeyer and Arthur Hendrickson.
• Field capacity is characterized by measuring water content after wetting a soil profile, covering it (to prevent evaporation) and monitoring the change soil moisture in the profile.

Additional Information

• Permanent wilting point (PWP) or wilting point (WP) is defined as the minimum amount of water in the soil that the plant requires not to wilt.
  • If the soil water content decreases to this or any lower point a plant wilts and can no longer recover its turgidity when placed in a saturated atmosphere for 12 hours.
• The critical moisture content is the average material moisture content at which the drying rate begins to decline. A prototype drying test should be conducted to determine the critical moisture content.
•  Water Use Efficiency (WUE) is the ratio between effective water use and actual water withdrawal.
  • It characterizes, in a specific process, how effective is the use of water

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to turn light, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars that fuel plant growth, using the primary photosynthetic enzyme Rubisco.
• The majority of plant species on Earth uses C3 photosynthesis, in which the first carbon compound produced contains three carbon atoms.
• In this process, carbon dioxide enters a plant through its stomata (microscopic pores on plant leaves), where amidst a series of complex reactions, the enzyme Rubisco fixes carbon into sugar through the Calvin-Benson cycle.
• About 85% of the plant species on the planet are C3 plants, including rice, wheat, soybeans and all trees.
• C4 plants—including maize, sugarcane, and sorghum—avoid photorespiration by using another enzyme called PEP during the first step of carbon fixation
• Photorespiration is a wasteful pathway that occurs when the Calvin cycle enzyme rubisco acts on oxygen rather than carbon dioxide.
• The majority of plants are C3 plants, which have no special features to combat photorespiration.
• C4 plants minimize photorespiration by separating initial CO2 fixation and the Calvin cycle in space, performing these steps in different cell types.
• Hence, all the 3 statements are correct.

The correct answer is Option 1.

Key PointsRatooning:

• It is the agricultural practice of harvesting a monocot crop by cutting most of the above-ground portion but leaving the roots and the growing shoot apices intact so as to allow the plants to recover and produce a fresh crop in the next season.
• This practice is widely used in the cultivation of crops such as rice, sugarcane, banana, and pineapple.
• Ratoon crops cannot be perennially renewed.
• They may be harvested only for a few seasons, as a decline in yield tends to occur due to increased crowding, damage by pests and diseases, and decreasing soil fertility.
• The earliest record for ratooning, in a crop plant, can be traced back to the Vedic period in India.
• The Atharvaveda mentions that farmers cultivating barley (yava) used to cut barley plants many a time.

Explanation:

Agriculture is the biggest unorganised sector of the economy accounting for more than 90 per cent share in the total unorganised labour-force. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Agriculture is deeply related to industrial growth and the national income in India—1 per cent increase in the agricultural growth leads to 0.5 per cent increase in industrial output (growth) and 0.7 per cent increase in the national income of India. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

India has remained consistently a ‘net exporter’ of agri-products (in 2018-19, value of exports being ₹2.7 lakh crore against import of ₹1.37 lakh crore).

India occupies a leading position in global agricultural trade having a share of 2.15 per cent in the world agricultural trade. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

The correct answer is Horticulture and Honey.

Key Points

• The Golden Revolution is related to Horticulture and Honey.
• It started in 1991 and lasted till 2003.
• Father of Golden Revolution: Nirpakh Tutaj.
• The Golden Fibre Revolution is related to Jute Production.

Additional Information

Revolution	Relation
Brown Revolution	Leather, Cocoa
Green Revolution	Agriculture Production
Grey Revolution	Fertilizers
Pink Revolution	Onions, Prawn
Red Revolution	Meat, Tomato Production
Round Revolution	Potato Production
Silver Fibre Revolution	Cotton Production
Silver Revolution	Egg Production
White Revolution	Dairy, Milk Production
Yellow Revolution	Oil Seed Production
Blue Revolution	Fish Production
Black Revolution	Petroleum Production

The correct answer is Barley and gram

Key Points 

• Rabi crops are winter-planted crops that are harvested in the spring.
• Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June. 
• Wheat, barley, gram, peas, and lentils are among them. 
• A warm climate is required for seed germination and a cold climate for the growth of crops.

The Correct Answer is Intensive subsistence farming.

 Key Points

• In intensive subsistence farming, the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour.
• Intensive subsistence agriculture is prevalent in the thickly populated areas of the monsoon regions of the south, southeast, and east Asia.

 Important Points

Commercial Farming

• In commercial farming, crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in the market.
• The area cultivated and the amount of capital used is large. Most of the work is done by machines.
• Commercial farming includes commercial grain farming, mixed farming, and plantation agriculture.

Primitive subsistence farming

• Primitive subsistence agriculture includes shifting cultivation and nomadic herding.

Extensive subsistence agriculture

• Extensive subsistence agriculture is farming in thinly populated areas.
• The vast expanse of land is cultivated to yield minimal output of crops and animals for the primary consumption of the grower's family.

Option 4 is correct, i.e. Assam.

• Muga silk is the product of the silkworm Antheraea assamensis and is mostly grown in Assam. The larvae of these moths feed on som and sualu leaves. Assam is the largest producer of this golden-colored silk in not just India but the entire world.
• Assam is famous for its Muga variety of silk. It is registered as a Geographical Indication for Assam.
• Know about Assam:
  • Capital: Dispur
  • Languages: Assamese, Bodo, Bengali
  • Major Rivers: Subansiri, Dihang, Brahmaputra.
  • Geographical Indications: Muga Silk, Tezpur Litchi, Boka Chaul (Oryza sativa), Gamosa, Chokuwa.
  • World Heritage Sites: Kaziranga National Park on the bank of the Brahmaputra, Manas Wildlife Sanctuary near the border with Bhutan.

The correct answer is Grey.

• Grey colour is associated with the revolution in fertilisers.

Key Points

Agriculture Revolutions in India and their respective Colours:

Name of the Revolution	Associated Field
Yellow Revolution	Oilseeds
White Revolution	Milk
Black Revolution	Petroleum Production
Red Revolution	Meat and Tomato Products
Round Revolution	Potato
Silver Fiber Revolution	Cotton
Blue Revolution	Fish
Pink Revolution	Shrimp
Grey Revolution	Fertilizers
Green Revolution	Food Grains
Golden Revolution	Honey and Horticulture
Silver Revolution	Egg and Poultry
Brown Revolution	To enhance infrastructure facilities for increasing production/marketing and export of high quality horticultural crops

The correct answer is 65%

Key Points

• The expected returns to farmers by way of MSP (Minimum Support Price) over their cost of production for barley for marketing season 2021–22 is estimated at 65%.
• Minimum Support Price:
  • Minimum Support Price (MSP) is a form of market intervention by the Government of India to insure agricultural producers against any sharp fall in farm prices.
  • The minimum support prices are announced by the Government of India at the beginning of the sowing season for certain crops.
  • The MSP is decided on the basis of the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
  • Government announces minimum support prices (MSPs) for 22 mandated crops and fair and remunerative prices (FRP) for sugarcane.
  • The list of crops is as follows:
    • Cereals (7) - paddy, wheat, barley, jowar, bajra, maize, and ragi.
    • Pulses (5) - gram, arhar/tur, moong, urad, and lentil.
    • Oilseeds (8) - groundnut, rapeseed/mustard, toria, soybean, sunflower seed, sesamum, safflower seed, and nigerseed.
    • Raw cotton.
    • Raw jute.
  • MSP guaranteed prices to save farmers from distress sales.
  • The MSP is announced at the beginning of the sowing season for certain crops on the basis of the recommendation of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP, 1985).
  • The MSPs are fixed for the following purposes:
  • To invest more by farmers in the farm sector.
  • To motivate farmers to adopt improved farm technologies.
  • To increase production and overall farmers' income.

The correct answer is 1968.

Key Points

Green Revolution in India:

• The term green revolution was first used by William Gaud and Norman Borlaug is the Father of the Green Revolution.
• After Independence, Indian policy-makers adopted all measures to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains.
• In the year 1965, the government of India launched the Green Revolution with the help of a geneticist, now known as the father of the Green revolution (India) M.S. Swaminathan.
• The movement of the green revolution was a great success and changed the country’s status from a food-deficient economy to one of the world’s leading agricultural nations.
• It started in 1967 and lasted till 1978.
• India adopted a new strategy in agriculture, which resulted in the 'Green Revolution', especially in the production of wheat and rice.
• Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India, officially recorded the impressive strides of the Green Revolution in agriculture by releasing a special stamp entitled 'Wheat Revolution' in July 1968.
• The success of wheat was later replicated in rice.

Thus, to signify the achievements of the Green Revolution, a stamp was released by the then Prime Minister Mrs. Indira Gandhi entitled as ‘Wheat Revolution’ in July 1968.

The correct answer is Horticulture Farming.

• An estate where a cash crop is grown for sale is known as Horticulture Farming.

Key Points

• Horticulture farming is cultivating plants in an estate to produce food and medicinal ingredients as a cash crop.
• The horticulture includes a wide range of cash crops namely fruits, vegetables, flowers medicinal and aromatic plants mushrooms, plantation crops and spices.

Additional Information

• A kitchen garden is a small farming garden growing fruits and vegetables in the backyard of the house by using kitchen wastewater. 
• Slash and burn farming is a farming method that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland.
• Subsistence farming is the practice of growing crops and raising livestock adequate only for one's own use, without any excess for trade.

​The correct answer is Truck farming.

Key Points

• The farmers specialize in vegetables only, this type of farming is known as Truck farming.
• In the regions where farmers specialize in vegetables only, the farming is known as Truck farming, and the distance of truck farms from the market is governed by the distance that a truck can cover overnight, hence the name truck farming.
• Vegetable farms are in some regions known as truck farms: "truck" is a noun for which its more common meaning overshadows its historically separate use as a term for "vegetables are grown for the market".
• The production of crops of some vegetables on an extensive scale in regions especially suited to their culture primarily for shipment to distant markets known as Truck farming.
• The major truck-farming areas are in California, Texas, Florida, along the Atlantic Coastal Plain, and in the Great Lakes area.
• Centres for specific crops vary with the season. Among the most important truck crops are tomatoes, lettuce, melons, beets, broccoli, celery, radishes, onions, cabbage, and strawberries.

Additional Information

Farming type	Description
Cooperative farming	Cooperative farming mainly refers to farming practices where farming operations are conducted cooperatively. These agricultural practices are conducted by individuals on their holdings jointly with certain common agencies.
Mixed farming	Mixed farming is a type of farming that involves both the growing of crops and the raising of livestock. For example, a mixed farm may grow cereal crops such as wheat or rye and also keep cattle, sheep, pigs, or poultry.
Collective farming	Collective farming is a farm or a group of farms that is organized as a unit and managed and worked cooperatively by a group of labourers under state supervision, especially in a communist country.

The correct answer is Kuruwa.

Key Points

• In the state of Jharkhand, the ‘slash and burn' agriculture is known as ‘Kuruwa’.
• It is prevalent in the tropical region in different names:
  • Jhuming in Northeastern states of India,
  • Milpa in Central America and Mexico,
  • Roca in Brazil,
  • Ladang in Indonesia and Malaysia.

Additional Information

• Name of Slash and burn method in different states:

Name	State
Jhumming	Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur, Chattisgarh, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
‘Bewar’ or ‘Dahiya’	Madhya Pradesh
‘Podu’ or ‘Penda’	Andhra Pradesh
‘Pama Dabi’ or ‘Koman’ or Bringa’	Odisha
‘Kumari’	Western Ghats
‘Valre’ or ‘Waltre’	South-eastern Rajasthan
‘Kuruwa’	Jharkhand
‘Khil’	Himalayan region